380 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
380 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
# Proxychains 快速参考
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## 基本语法
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```bash
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proxychains4 [command] [arguments]
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```
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## 常用命令模式
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### Git 操作
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```bash
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# 克隆仓库
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proxychains4 git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git
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# 拉取更新
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proxychains4 git pull
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# 推送代码
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proxychains4 git push origin main
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# 添加子模块
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proxychains4 git submodule update --init --recursive
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```
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### Python/pip
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```bash
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# 安装包
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proxychains4 pip install requests
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proxychains4 pip install -r requirements.txt
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# 升级包
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proxychains4 pip install --upgrade package-name
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# 搜索包
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proxychains4 pip search package-name
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# 使用国内镜像 + 代理（双保险）
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proxychains4 pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple package-name
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```
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### Node.js/npm/yarn
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```bash
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# npm 安装
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proxychains4 npm install package-name
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proxychains4 npm install -g package-name
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proxychains4 npm install
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# yarn 安装
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proxychains4 yarn add package-name
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proxychains4 yarn install
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# 清理缓存后安装
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proxychains4 npm cache clean --force
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proxychains4 npm install
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```
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### curl/wget
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```bash
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# curl 下载
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proxychains4 curl -O https://example.com/file.tar.gz
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proxychains4 curl -L https://example.com/redirect
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# wget 下载
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proxychains4 wget https://example.com/file.tar.gz
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proxychains4 wget -c https://example.com/large-file.iso
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# API 请求
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proxychains4 curl -X POST https://api.example.com/endpoint
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```
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### Docker
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```bash
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# 拉取镜像
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proxychains4 docker pull ubuntu:latest
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proxychains4 docker pull nginx:alpine
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# 构建镜像（如果需要下载基础镜像）
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proxychains4 docker build -t myapp:latest .
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# 推送镜像
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proxychains4 docker push myregistry.com/myapp:latest
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```
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### SSH/SCP
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```bash
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# SSH 连接
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proxychains4 ssh user@remote-host
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# SCP 文件传输
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proxychains4 scp file.txt user@remote-host:/path/
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proxychains4 scp -r folder/ user@remote-host:/path/
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# rsync 同步
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proxychains4 rsync -avz folder/ user@remote-host:/path/
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```
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### 其他工具
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```bash
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# telnet
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proxychains4 telnet example.com 80
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# nc (netcat)
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proxychains4 nc example.com 80
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# ftp
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proxychains4 ftp ftp.example.com
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# svn
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proxychains4 svn checkout https://example.com/svn/repo
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# mercurial (hg)
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proxychains4 hg clone https://example.com/hg/repo
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```
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## 配置文件选项
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### 指定配置文件
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```bash
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# 使用自定义配置文件
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proxychains4 -f /path/to/proxychains.conf curl https://example.com
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# 使用当前目录配置
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proxychains4 -f ./proxychains.conf command
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```
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### 环境变量方式
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```bash
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# 设置代理主机和端口（SOCKS5）
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export PROXYCHAINS_SOCKS5_HOST=127.0.0.1
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export PROXYCHAINS_SOCKS5_PORT=9910
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proxychains4 curl https://example.com
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# 指定配置文件路径
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export PROXYCHAINS_CONF_FILE=~/.proxychains/custom.conf
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proxychains4 command
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# 自定义 DNS 服务器
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export PROXY_DNS_SERVER=8.8.8.8
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proxychains4 curl https://example.com
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```
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### 启动代理会话
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```bash
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# 在代理环境中启动 shell
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proxychains4 bash
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# 或
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proxychains4 zsh
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# 然后所有命令都会通过代理
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git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git
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pip install requests
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npm install package-name
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# 退出代理会话
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exit
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```
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## 诊断和测试
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### 测试代理连接
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```bash
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# 测试 HTTP 代理
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proxychains4 curl https://ipinfo.io/json
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proxychains4 curl https://ifconfig.me
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# 测试特定网站
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proxychains4 curl -I https://github.com
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proxychains4 curl -I https://google.com
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# 详细输出（调试）
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proxychains4 -q curl -v https://example.com
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```
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### 检查代理服务
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```bash
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# 检查端口是否监听
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netstat -tunlp | grep 9910
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ss -tunlp | grep 9910
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lsof -i :9910
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# 测试代理直接连接（不用 proxychains）
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curl -x http://127.0.0.1:9910 https://www.google.com
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curl -x socks5://127.0.0.1:1080 https://www.google.com
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# 测试代理认证
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curl -x http://username:password@127.0.0.1:9910 https://www.google.com
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```
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### DNS 解析测试
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```bash
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# 通过代理解析 DNS
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proxychains4 nslookup google.com
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proxychains4 dig google.com
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# 使用 proxyresolv 工具（proxychains 自带）
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proxyresolv google.com
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proxyresolv github.com
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```
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## 快速配置生成
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### 单行命令创建配置
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```bash
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# 创建用户级配置（HTTP 代理 127.0.0.1:9910）
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mkdir -p ~/.proxychains && cat > ~/.proxychains/proxychains.conf << 'EOF'
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strict_chain
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proxy_dns
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remote_dns_subnet 224
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tcp_read_time_out 15000
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tcp_connect_time_out 8000
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[ProxyList]
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http 127.0.0.1 9910
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EOF
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# 创建 SOCKS5 配置
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mkdir -p ~/.proxychains && cat > ~/.proxychains/proxychains.conf << 'EOF'
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strict_chain
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proxy_dns
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[ProxyList]
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socks5 127.0.0.1 1080
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EOF
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```
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### 临时配置（当前目录）
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```bash
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# 在当前目录创建临时配置
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cat > proxychains.conf << 'EOF'
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strict_chain
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proxy_dns
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[ProxyList]
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http 127.0.0.1 9910
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EOF
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# 使用临时配置
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proxychains4 -f ./proxychains.conf curl https://github.com
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```
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## 性能优化
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### 减少延迟
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```bash
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# 配置文件中调整超时
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tcp_connect_time_out 5000 # 5秒
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tcp_read_time_out 10000 # 10秒
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# 使用 quiet_mode 减少输出
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quiet_mode
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```
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### 并行下载
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```bash
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# aria2 多线程下载
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proxychains4 aria2c -x 16 https://example.com/large-file.iso
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# wget 多连接下载
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proxychains4 wget --limit-rate=10m https://example.com/file.tar.gz
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```
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## 常见组合场景
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### 场景 1: Python 项目依赖安装
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```bash
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# 克隆项目
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proxychains4 git clone https://github.com/user/project.git
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cd project
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# 创建虚拟环境
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python3 -m venv venv
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source venv/bin/activate
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# 安装依赖
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proxychains4 pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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### 场景 2: Node.js 项目初始化
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```bash
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# 克隆项目
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proxychains4 git clone https://github.com/user/project.git
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cd project
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# 安装依赖
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proxychains4 npm install
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# 或
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proxychains4 yarn install
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# 运行项目（如果需要下载额外资源）
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proxychains4 npm start
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```
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### 场景 3: Docker 镜像构建
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```bash
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# 拉取基础镜像
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proxychains4 docker pull node:18-alpine
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# 构建镜像（Dockerfile 中有 FROM 远程镜像）
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proxychains4 docker build -t myapp:latest .
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# 推送到仓库
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proxychains4 docker push myregistry.com/myapp:latest
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```
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### 场景 4: 系统软件更新
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```bash
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# Ubuntu/Debian
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proxychains4 sudo apt update
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proxychains4 sudo apt upgrade
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# CentOS/RHEL
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proxychains4 sudo yum update
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# Arch Linux
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proxychains4 sudo pacman -Syu
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```
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## 别名设置（可选）
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```bash
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# 添加到 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc
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alias pc='proxychains4'
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alias pcgit='proxychains4 git'
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alias pcpip='proxychains4 pip'
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alias pcnpm='proxychains4 npm'
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alias pccurl='proxychains4 curl'
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alias pcwget='proxychains4 wget'
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# 使用别名
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pc curl https://github.com
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pcgit clone https://github.com/user/repo.git
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pcpip install requests
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```
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## 故障排除快速检查清单
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```bash
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# 1. 检查 proxychains 是否安装
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which proxychains4
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# 2. 检查配置文件是否存在
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ls -la ~/.proxychains/proxychains.conf
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cat ~/.proxychains/proxychains.conf
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# 3. 检查代理服务是否运行
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netstat -tunlp | grep 9910
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# 4. 测试代理直接连接
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curl -x http://127.0.0.1:9910 https://www.google.com
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# 5. 测试 proxychains 连接
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proxychains4 curl https://ipinfo.io/json
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# 6. 查看详细错误信息
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proxychains4 curl -v https://example.com
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```
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---
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**提示：** 将常用命令保存为 shell 脚本或别名，可以提高效率。
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