chore: 从仓库移除 backups 目录
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# 快速备份工具
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基于 `.gitignore` 规则的项目备份工具，自动排除不需要的文件。
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## 功能特性
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- 自动读取 `.gitignore` 规则
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- 支持取反规则（`!` 语法）
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- 目录级剪枝优化
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- 生成 `.tar.gz` 压缩包
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- 零依赖（仅使用 Python 内置模块）
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## 文件结构
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```
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backups/
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├── 快速备份.py # 核心备份引擎
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├── 一键备份.sh # Shell 启动脚本
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└── README.md # 本文档
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```
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## 使用方法
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```bash
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# 方式一：Shell 脚本（推荐）
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bash backups/一键备份.sh
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# 方式二：直接运行 Python
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python3 backups/快速备份.py
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# 指定输出文件
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python3 backups/快速备份.py -o my_backup.tar.gz
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# 指定项目目录
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python3 backups/快速备份.py -p /path/to/project
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```
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## 输出位置
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默认输出到 `backups/gz/备份_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.tar.gz`
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## 参数说明
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| 参数 | 说明 | 默认值 |
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|------|------|--------|
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| `-p, --project` | 项目根目录 | 当前目录 |
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| `-o, --output` | 输出文件路径 | `backups/gz/备份_时间戳.tar.gz` |
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| `-g, --gitignore` | gitignore 文件路径 | `.gitignore` |
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## 依赖
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- Python 3.x（无需额外包）
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- Bash（用于 Shell 脚本）
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#!/bin/bash
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# 一键备份项目脚本
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# 自动读取 .gitignore 规则并排除匹配的文件
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# bash backups/一键备份.sh
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set -e
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# 颜色输出
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GREEN='\033[0;32m'
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BLUE='\033[0;34m'
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YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
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NC='\033[0m' # No Color
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# 脚本所在目录
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SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
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# 项目根目录（脚本所在目录的父目录）
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PROJECT_ROOT="$(cd "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.." && pwd)"
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# 项目backups目录
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BACKUPS_DIR="${PROJECT_ROOT}/backups"
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# 备份脚本路径（始终在项目的backups目录中）
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BACKUP_SCRIPT="${BACKUPS_DIR}/快速备份.py"
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# 检查备份脚本是否存在
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if [ ! -f "${BACKUP_SCRIPT}" ]; then
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echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠️ 错误: 备份脚本不存在${NC}"
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echo ""
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echo "备份工具应位于项目的 backups/ 目录中："
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echo " ${BACKUPS_DIR}/"
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echo ""
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echo "请确保："
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echo " 1. 复制快速备份.py到 ${BACKUPS_DIR}/"
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echo " 2. 复制一键备份.sh到 ${BACKUPS_DIR}/"
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echo ""
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echo "或者使用方式："
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echo " • 在项目根目录执行: bash backups/一键备份.sh"
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echo " • 或直接执行: python3 backups/快速备份.py"
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exit 1
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fi
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echo -e "${BLUE}========================================${NC}"
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echo -e "${BLUE} 项目快速备份工具${NC}"
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echo -e "${BLUE}========================================${NC}"
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echo ""
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echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} 找到备份脚本: backups/快速备份.py"
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# 检查 Python3 是否可用
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if ! command -v python3 &> /dev/null; then
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echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠️ 错误: 未找到 python3 命令${NC}"
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exit 1
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fi
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echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} 项目目录: ${PROJECT_ROOT}"
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echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} 备份脚本: ${BACKUP_SCRIPT}"
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echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} Python 版本: $(python3 --version)"
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echo ""
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# 执行备份
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echo -e "${YELLOW}▶ 正在执行备份...${NC}"
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echo ""
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# 切换到项目根目录
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cd "${PROJECT_ROOT}"
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# 运行备份脚本
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python3 "${BACKUP_SCRIPT}"
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# 检查执行结果
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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echo ""
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echo -e "${GREEN}========================================${NC}"
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echo -e "${GREEN} ✓ 备份完成！${NC}"
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echo -e "${GREEN}========================================${NC}"
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else
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echo ""
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echo -e "${YELLOW}========================================${NC}"
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echo -e "${YELLOW} ✗ 备份失败${NC}"
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echo -e "${YELLOW}========================================${NC}"
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exit 1
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fi
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265
backups/快速备份.py
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backups/快速备份.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""
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快速备份项目工具
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读取 .gitignore 规则并打包项目文件（排除匹配的文件）
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bash backups/一键备份.sh
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文件位置：
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backups/快速备份.py
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工具清单（backups/目录）：
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• 快速备份.py - 核心备份引擎（7.3 KB）
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• 一键备份.sh - 一键执行脚本（2.4 KB）
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使用方法：
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$ bash backups/一键备份.sh
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或
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$ python3 backups/快速备份.py
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备份输出：
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backups/gz/备份_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.tar.gz
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适用项目：
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任何包含 .gitignore 文件的项目（自动读取规则并排除匹配文件）
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依赖：
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无需额外安装包，仅使用Python内置模块
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"""
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import os
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import tarfile
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import fnmatch
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from pathlib import Path
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from datetime import datetime
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import argparse
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import sys
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class GitignoreFilter:
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"""解析 .gitignore 文件并过滤文件"""
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def __init__(self, gitignore_path: Path, project_root: Path):
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self.project_root = project_root
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# 规则按照出现顺序存储，支持取反（!）语义，后匹配覆盖前匹配
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# 每项: {"pattern": str, "dir_only": bool, "negate": bool, "has_slash": bool}
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self.rules = []
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self.load_gitignore(gitignore_path)
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def load_gitignore(self, gitignore_path: Path):
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"""加载并解析 .gitignore 文件"""
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if not gitignore_path.exists():
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print(f"⚠️ 警告: {gitignore_path} 不存在，将不应用任何过滤规则")
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return
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try:
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with open(gitignore_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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for line in f:
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line = line.strip()
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# 跳过空行和注释
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if not line or line.startswith('#'):
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continue
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negate = line.startswith('!')
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if negate:
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line = line[1:].lstrip()
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if not line:
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continue
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dir_only = line.endswith('/')
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has_slash = '/' in line.rstrip('/')
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self.rules.append({
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"pattern": line,
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"dir_only": dir_only,
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"negate": negate,
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"has_slash": has_slash,
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})
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print(f"✓ 已加载 {len(self.rules)} 条规则（含取反）")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"❌ 读取 .gitignore 失败: {e}")
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sys.exit(1)
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def _match_rule(self, rule: dict, relative_path_str: str, is_dir: bool) -> bool:
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"""按规则匹配路径，返回是否命中"""
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pattern = rule["pattern"]
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dir_only = rule["dir_only"]
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has_slash = rule["has_slash"]
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# 目录规则：匹配目录自身或其子路径
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if dir_only:
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normalized = pattern.rstrip('/')
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if relative_path_str == normalized or relative_path_str.startswith(normalized + '/'):
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return True
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return False
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# 带路径分隔的规则：按相对路径匹配
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if has_slash:
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return fnmatch.fnmatch(relative_path_str, pattern)
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# 无斜杠：匹配任意层级的基本名
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if fnmatch.fnmatch(Path(relative_path_str).name, pattern):
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return True
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# 额外处理目录命中：无通配符时，若任一父级目录名等于 pattern 也视为命中
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if pattern.isalpha() and pattern in relative_path_str.split('/'):
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return True
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return False
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def should_exclude(self, path: Path, is_dir: bool = False) -> bool:
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"""
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判断路径是否应该被排除（支持 ! 取反，后匹配覆盖前匹配）
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返回 True 表示应该排除（不备份）
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"""
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try:
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# 统一使用 POSIX 路径风格进行匹配
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relative_path_str = path.relative_to(self.project_root).as_posix()
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except ValueError:
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return False # 不在项目根目录内，不处理
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# Git 风格：从上到下最后一次匹配决定去留
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matched = None
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for rule in self.rules:
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if self._match_rule(rule, relative_path_str, is_dir):
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matched = not rule["negate"] # negate 表示显式允许
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return bool(matched)
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def create_backup(project_root: Path, output_file: Path, filter_obj: GitignoreFilter):
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"""创建备份压缩包"""
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# 统计信息
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total_files = 0
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excluded_files = 0
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included_files = 0
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print(f"\n{'='*60}")
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print(f"开始备份项目: {project_root}")
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print(f"输出文件: {output_file}")
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print(f"{'='*60}\n")
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try:
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with tarfile.open(output_file, 'w:gz') as tar:
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# 使用 os.walk 可在目录层级提前剪枝，避免进入已忽略目录
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for root, dirs, files in os.walk(project_root, topdown=True):
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root_path = Path(root)
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# 目录剪枝：命中忽略规则或 .git 时不再深入
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pruned_dirs = []
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for d in dirs:
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dir_path = root_path / d
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if d == '.git' or filter_obj.should_exclude(dir_path, is_dir=True):
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print(f" 排除目录: {dir_path.relative_to(project_root)}")
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excluded_files += 1
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continue
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pruned_dirs.append(d)
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dirs[:] = pruned_dirs
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for name in files:
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path = root_path / name
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total_files += 1
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# 文件忽略判定
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if '.git' in path.parts or filter_obj.should_exclude(path):
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excluded_files += 1
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print(f" 排除: {path.relative_to(project_root)}")
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continue
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arcname = path.relative_to(project_root)
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tar.add(path, arcname=arcname)
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included_files += 1
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print(f" 备份: {arcname}")
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print(f"\n{'='*60}")
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print("备份完成!")
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print(f"{'='*60}")
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print(f"总文件数: {total_files}")
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print(f"已备份: {included_files} 个文件")
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print(f"已排除: {excluded_files} 个文件/目录")
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print(f"压缩包大小: {output_file.stat().st_size / 1024 / 1024:.2f} MB")
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print(f"{'='*60}")
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return True
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"\n❌ 备份失败: {e}")
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import traceback
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traceback.print_exc()
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return False
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def main():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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description='快速备份项目（根据 .gitignore 排除文件）',
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formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
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epilog="""
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使用示例:
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# 基本用法（备份到 backups/gz/ 目录）
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python backups/快速备份.py
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# 指定输出文件
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python backups/快速备份.py -o my_backup.tar.gz
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# 指定项目根目录
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python backups/快速备份.py -p /path/to/project
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"""
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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'-p', '--project',
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type=str,
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default='.',
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help='项目根目录路径（默认: 当前目录）'
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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'-o', '--output',
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type=str,
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help='输出文件路径（默认: backups/备份_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.tar.gz）'
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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'-g', '--gitignore',
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type=str,
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default='.gitignore',
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help='.gitignore 文件路径（默认: .gitignore）'
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)
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args = parser.parse_args()
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# 解析路径
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project_root = Path(args.project).resolve()
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gitignore_path = Path(args.gitignore).resolve()
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if not project_root.exists():
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print(f"❌ 错误: 项目目录不存在: {project_root}")
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sys.exit(1)
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# 确定输出文件路径
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if args.output:
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output_file = Path(args.output).resolve()
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else:
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# 默认输出到 backups/gz/ 目录
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backup_dir = project_root / 'backups' / 'gz'
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backup_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
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output_file = backup_dir / f'备份_{timestamp}.tar.gz'
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# 确保输出目录存在
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output_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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# 创建过滤器
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filter_obj = GitignoreFilter(gitignore_path, project_root)
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# 执行备份
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success = create_backup(project_root, output_file, filter_obj)
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sys.exit(0 if success else 1)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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