add fourth chapter

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skindhu 2024-11-04 19:46:42 +08:00
parent 20f3c0c7f8
commit 09726aadb7
1 changed files with 3 additions and 3 deletions

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@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ layers.4.0.weight has gradient mean of 1.3258541822433472
>
> 加入快捷连接后,信息可以在层与层之间**直接跳跃**。例如,假设在第 n 层,我们有输入 X<sub>n</sub>经过注意力和前馈网络得到输出F(X<sub>n</sub>)。加入快捷连接后,这一层的输出可以表示为:
>
> $$ \text { 输出 }=X_{n}+F\left(X_{n}\right) $$
> $$\text { 输出 }=X_{n}+F\left(X_{n}\right)$$
>
> 这意味着第 n 层的输出不仅包含了这一层的新信息 F(X<sub>n</sub>,还保留了原始输入 X<sub>n </sub>的信息。下面是这样做的好处:
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@ -668,13 +668,13 @@ layers.4.0.weight has gradient mean of 1.3258541822433472
>
> - 根据反向传播的原理,**无快捷连接**时,梯度必须逐层传递,如下:
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> $$ \frac{\partial L}{\partial X_{1}}=\frac{\partial L}{\partial X_{3}} \cdot \frac{\partial X_{3}}{\partial X_{2}} \cdot \frac{\partial X_{2}}{\partial X_{1}} $$
> $$\frac{\partial L}{\partial X_{1}}=\frac{\partial L}{\partial X_{3}} \cdot \frac{\partial X_{3}}{\partial X_{2}} \cdot \frac{\partial X_{2}}{\partial X_{1}}$$
>
> 这里,如果某一层的梯度值很小,那么梯度会被逐层缩小,导致梯度消失。
>
> - **有快捷连接**时,假设我们在每一层之间都添加快捷连接,梯度的传播路径就多了一条直接路径:
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> $$\frac{\partial L}{\partial X_{1}}=\frac{\partial L}{\partial\left(X_{1}+F\left(X_{1}\right)\right)} \cdot\left(1+\frac{\partial F\left(X_{1}\right)}{\partial X_{1}}\right)$$
> $$\frac{\partial L}{\partial X_{1}}=\frac{\partial L}{\partial\left(X_{1}+F\left(X_{1}\right)\right)} \cdot\left(1+\frac{\partial F\left(X_{1}\right)}{\partial X_{1}}\right)$$
>
> 这样,即使 $` \frac{\partial F\left(X_{1}\right)}{\partial X_{1}} `$ 很小,梯度依然可以通过 111 这条路径直接传递到更前面的层。